Debt levels of those in or near retirement age are heading up -- and for some

age groups, a significant percentage of the population has debt levels beyond

the threshold considered problematic.

A recent study reveals, a growing share of older American families had

incurred debt through 2007, particularly those ages 55--64 -- the ages right

before or at the start of retirement, the study reports. 

The percentage of American families with a head age 55 or older who have some

level of debt was 63.0 percent in 2007, almost 3 percentage points higher than

in 2004, 7 percentage points higher than in 2001, and up nearly 10 percentage

points from 1992, the study shows.

"These results are troubling as far as retirement preparedness is concerned,

in that American families just reaching retirement or newly retired are more

likely to have debt -- and significantly higher levels of debt--than past

generations," says Craig Copeland, a senior research associate from

the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) which published

the study.

"Furthermore, inasmuch as debt incidence and families with excessive debt

payments reached their highest levels in 2007 since 1992 -- i.e., before the

economic downturn of 2008 -- these measures of debt have almost certainly

significantly worsened from these already-record levels. Consequently, even more

near-elderly and elderly families are likely at risk for severe changes in

lifestyle after retirement," Copeland states.

Here are some of the other points included in the study:

Debt Levels

As the percentage of families with a head age 55 or older with any debt

increased from 1992--2007, the average total debt level also increased: from

$32,191 (2007 dollars) in 1992 to $70,370 in 2007; the median debt level (half

above, half below) of those with debt increased from $15,923 to $43,000. This

was a real increase in the average and median debt levels of 118.6 percent and

170.0 percent, respectively, from 1992.

Debt As a Percentage of Total Assets

For the near elderly and elderly families debt as a percentage of total

assets was virtually unchanged at approximately 7.0 percent from 1992-1998, but

it decreased in 2001 to less than 6.0 percent before increasing back to near 7

percent (at 6.8 percent) in 2004. In 2007, the percentage increased to 7.4

percent--the highest percentage over the study period.

Credit Card Debt

The median amount owed by those having credit care debt increased to $3,000

in 2007, up from $2,197 (2007 dollars) in 2004. This increase was largest for

families with a head age 55-- 64, where the median amount owed increased from

$2,416 in 2004 to $3,600 in 2007. The median amount of credit card debt for

families with a head age 75 or older actually decreased, from $1,098 to $800

over the period.

Housing Debt

The median housing debt, among those having housing debt, increased to

$79,000 in 2007, up from $65,898 (2007 dollars) in 2004. The largest increase

was for those families with heads ages 65--74, going from $56,013 in 2004 to

$69,000 in 2007--a 23 percent increase. While there was also an increase in the

median debt of families with a head age 75 or older with housing debt, the

median amount owed declined for families with a head age 55--64, from $91,159 in

2004 to $85,000 in 2007. Yet, more of those ages 55--64 had housing debt.

Although rising debt levels are not necessarily a sign of danger for all

elderly or near-elderly families (especially if they are also high-income),

rising housing debt is of particular concern, since housing typically is the

major asset elderly families have, the study says. Leveraging it at this point

in their lives may leave them without a major resource to finance an adequate

retirement, given the recent downturn in the housing market.

The EBRI study published in October 2009 uses data from the Federal

Reserve's Survey of Consumer Finances to determine debt levels. It is available

at www.ebri.org . 

EBRI is a private, nonprofit research institute based in Washington, DC, that

focuses on health, savings, retirement, and economic security issues. EBRI does

not lobby and does not take policy positions.